Environmental Analysis of Villages on the Skirt of Farsan City based on the Urban and Rural Relationship

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Shahid Beheshti University

Abstract

Purpose- The rural-urban integration refers to an optimal combination of natural, economic, social, and spatial factors. The scale of this integration depends on the extent to which urban and rural systems (economic, social, and environmental) influence, interconnect, complement, and share benefits. The main goal of this study is the environmental analysis of villages in the periphery of Farsan city based on the rural-urban relationship.
Design/methodology/approach- This is an applied study that uses a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of the four villages in Farsan county with a population of over one thousand people. Together, these four villages are home to about 4285 households (14972 people) from which a sample of n=375 was selected using Cochran's formula.
Finding- The results of the research based on the one-sample t-test indicate an environmental relationship between Farsan county and its nearby villages. The environmental indicators such as noise pollution and non-expansion of green space, the change of cultivation pattern, the intensified land abuse and brokerage, the reduced share of water in agriculture, and the limited environmental knowledge of villagers suggested adverse effects whereas other variables manifested the positive effects of the connection with Farsan on improving the environment of the nearby villages. The results of regression analysis showed that the environmental relationship of Farsan with its surrounding villages explained 17% of study indices (environmental health, land-use change, water and soil resources, knowledge and importance of environmental issues) and the remaining 83% was explained by other factors not addressed in this study.
Research limitations/implications- The main limitation of the study was the scant literature on the environmental effects of the urban-rural relationship.
Practical implications- Implementing a suitable cultivation model for agricultural products, expanding new irrigation systems, maintaining and reviving orchards, and raising awareness of environmental issues among villagers should be put on the agenda.
Originality/value- Investigating environmental effects of the urban-rural relationship as a way of ensuring sustainable rural settlement and environmental protection in the study area.

Keywords


  1. Afrakhteh, H., Azizpour, F., & Zamani, M. (2015). Metropolitan ties and physical-spatial developments in surrounding villages (Case study: Mohammadabad district of Karaj). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 150, 101-120. [In Persian] http://jhre.ir/article-1-701-fa.html
  2. Alizadeh, K., Hijrati, M.H., & Ahmadabadi, M. (2013). Investigating rural-urban interplay. Case study: Eshghabad villages. Quarterly Journal of Rural Settlement Planning Studies, 8(24), 133-145. [In Persian] http://jshsp.iaurasht.ac.ir/article_513890.html
  3. Amanpour, S. (2017). Understanding and analyzing the differences in the livability of villages at the margin of Izeh city. Environmental Science and Technology, 21(8), 18-36. [In Persian] https://jest.srbiau.ac.ir/article_15562.html
  4. Anabestani, A.A., Khosrow Beigi, R., Taghiloo, A.A., & Shams al-Dini, R. (2011). Classification of rural development sustainability using multi-criteria decision-making technique of compromise planning (Case study: Villages of Komijan County), Journal of Human Geography, 3(2), 126-170. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=202220
  5. Azmi, A., & Motiei Langroudi, H. (2011). An overview of the environmental problems of Iranian villages and solutions to these problems. Housing and Rural Environment, 133, 101-115. [In Persian] https://jhre.ir/article-1-20-fa.html
  6. Benítez, G., Pérez-Vázquez, A., Nava-Tablada, M., Equihua, M., & Álvarez-Palacios, J. L. (2012). Urban expansion and the environmental effects of informal settlements on the outskirts of Xalapa city, Veracruz, Mexico. Environment and Urbanization24(1), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0956247812437520
  7. Chan, A. T., Hui, E. P., Ngan, R. K., Tung, S. Y., Cheng, A. C., Ng, W. T., ... & Lo, Y. D. (2018). Analysis of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nasopharyngeal cancer after chemoradiation to identify high-risk patients for adjuvant chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical oncology36(31), 3091-3100. https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.2018.77.7847
  8. Dhahri,, & Omri, A. (2018). Entrepreneurship contribution to the three pillars of sustainable development: What does the evidence really say?. World Development106, 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.01.008
  9. Fang, C. L. (2017). Theoretical foundation and patterns of coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Progress in Geography36(1), 15-24. http://a.xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=9f35c2568c41f44cae6c17de3e86aebf
  10. Geravandi S, Papzan A, Afsharzadeh N. Modeling Sustainable Environmental Development Using Grounded Theory (Case - study: Sharveineh Village, Javanroud Township). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 30 (136), 67-78. [In Persian] http://jhre.ir/article-1-252-fa.html
  11. Ghazi, A., Hosseini Abri, S.H., Nasri, M., & Ghadiri, N. (2009). Assessing the environmental effects of converting villages to cities using the EIA technique (Case study: Zayandehrood city). National Conference on Human, Environment and Sustainable Development. Young Researchers Club of Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch, March 10 and 11, 2009. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/fa/seminar/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=11333
  12. Hall, K., Daneke, G. A., & Lenox, M. J. (2010). Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions. Journal of business venturing25(5), 439-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.01.002
  13. Hatami Nejad, H., Azizian, P., & Ahmadtooz, H. (2012). Urban development and its environmental consequences (Case study: Mahabad City). The First National Conference on Environmental Protection and Planning. [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/192837/
  14. Hesam, M., Cheraghi, M., & Ashour, H. (2014). Analysis of environmental effects of the sprawl of rural areas (Case study: Shahkooh Sofla village). Journal of Rural Housing and Environment, 148, 63-78. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=232954
  15. Hosseini, M., Barghchi, M., Bagherzadeh, F., & Siami, Q. (2015). Assessing the environmental effects of the unbridled sprawl of cities (Case study: Mehr housing project - Torqabeh city). Regional Planning Quarterly, 5(18), 43-58. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=242940
  16. Ji, X., Ren, J., & Ulgiati, S. (2019). Towards urban-rural sustainable cooperation: Models and policy implication. Journal of Cleaner Production213, 892-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.097
  17. Jokar, P., & Masoudi, M. (2015). Assessing the ecological potential of urban, rural and industrial development of Shiraz city and estimating the current position of these areas using GIS. Human and Environmental Quarterly, 46, 53-63. [In Persian] https://he.srbiau.ac.ir/article_13138.html
  18. Kamali Mohajer, M., Farahani, B. (2011). Environmental culture, a solution for the development of sustainable tourism. The First National Conference on Tourism and Nature in Iran, Kermanshah, 1-14. [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/195741/
  19. Khosravani, F., Pezeshkirad, Gh., & Farhadian, H., (2013). Necessity and importance of focusing on the preservation of the rural environment and its role in sustainable rural development with emphasis on the participation of villagers. Hamedan. Iranian National Conference on Environmental Research. [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/238484/
  20. Li, , Westlund, H., & Liu, Y. (2019). Why some rural areas decline while some others not: An overview of rural evolution in the world. Journal of Rural Studies68, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.03.003
  21. Lotfi, H., Nami, M.H., Hassanpour, J., & Yahiraei, H. (2011). Environmental security and national security policy. Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 3(4), 122-144. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=202146
  22. Management and Planning Organization of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (2019). Farsan city economic development document. Tehran. Management and Planning Organization of Iran. [In Persian]
  23. Navabakhsh, M., safi, S. (2009). The inquiry of environmental effects and physical growth of Malayer city. Territory, 6(23), 1-11. [In Persian] https://sarzamin.srbiau.ac.ir/article_5424.html
  24. Nourian, L. (2020). Study of the trend of physical sprawl of Tehran and its environmental effects. Case study: District 2 of Tehran). 7th National Conference on Applied Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Management, June 2020. [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/1136160/
  25. Oliaei, M. (2015). An Analysis on the Villagers’ Social Participation Approach in Sustainable Rural Development Programs with Emphasis on Rural Community in Iran. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, 7(3), 69-80. [In Persian] https://jisds.srbiau.ac.ir/article_8429.html
  26. Rahmati, A.R. (2012). Investigating the process of environmental impact assessment in Iran: challenges and solutions. Environment and Development, 3(5), 23-15. [In Persian] https://www.magiran.com/paper/1010003
  27. Register, R. (2008). Eco-City Summit Report. San Francisco.
  28. Ruknuddin Eftekhari, A.R., Badri, S.A., & Sojasi Gheidari, H. (2014). Foundations of rural physical planning theories. Bonyad Maskan Publications, Tehran. [In Persian]
  29. Sadr Mousavi, M., & Ghorbani, R. (2007). Environmental impacts of the expansion of settlements Case study: The valley of Oskoo. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 5(8), 10-22. [In Persian] https://jgrd.um.ac.ir/article_25378.html
  30. Shan, Yu, S., & Ding, Z. (2015). Evaluation on the efficiency and fairness of coordinating public goods supply in urban and rural Areas. Asian Agricultural Research7(1812-2016-144462), 4-9. https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/208992/
  31. Statistical Center of Iran. (2016). A list of Iran’s settlements. Farsan city. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran. [In Persian]
  32. Wang, W., Wu, T., Li, Y., Xie, S., Han, B., Zheng, H., & Ouyang, Z. (2020). Urbanization impacts on natural habitat and ecosystem services in the guangdong-hong kong-macao “megacity”. Sustainability12(16), 6675. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166675
  33. Yan, J., Chen, H., & Xia, F. (2018). Toward improved land elements for urban–rural integration: A cell concept of an urban–rural mixed community. Habitat International77, 110-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.01.007
  34. Zahedi, M.J., Ghaffari, Gh.M., & Ebrahimi Loyeh, A. (2012). Theoretical drawbacks of rural development planning in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Rural Research, 3(4), 24-1. [In Persian] https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_30230.html
CAPTCHA Image