Investigating the Adaptability of Rural Physical Features to the Feeling of Security among the Residents of Toos Rural Area in Mashhad County

Document Type : علمی

Authors

• Aida Sadrossadat
• Hamdollah Sojasi Qeydari
• Aliakbar Anabestani

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.63412

Abstract

Purpose- The present study aims at examining the adaptability of physical features to feeling of security among the residents of the rural area of Toos. The achievements are supposed to be used in quality improvement of rural guidance plans in line with increasing security potentials of rural areas.
Design/methodology/approach- The methodology of this study is correlative, and data collection was performed through library and field studies. The extracted physical indices were obtained from the studies and rural guidance maps, while feeling of security index was obtained through 386 researcher-made questionnaires filled by the residents of 13 villages in the countryside of Mashhad in Toos rural area. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed through an expert board and their reliability in the security feeling variable was confirmed by Cronbach alpha 0.8. SPSS software was used for data analysis.
Finding- The findings of the study indicated a significant negative correlation between many of the form and morphology indices of feeling of security. The correlation between the size of the village and feeling of security is significant and equals to -0.804. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation was found between population density and feeling of security which was equal to 0.592. Among the functional status indices, we can refer to an inverse moderate correlation between the distribution of services and the scale of land uses. Accessibility index indicates a strong inverse relationship of impenetrability (with correlation coefficient of 0.670) and the design of dead-end and narrow streets with feeling of security.
Research limitations/implications- The limitation of this study includes the bureaucracy of the administrative network, lack of official data and the time-consuming data collection.
Practical implications- Generally, the confirmation of the strong relationship among most of the variables indicates that it is required to develop principles of secured places and to give more consideration to the physical security in rural guidance plans, which are the most important related documents in the country.
Originality/value- The relationship between them has been ignored in rural areas in spite of the extended volume of rural guidance plans based on their physical context, as well as insecurity of the rural areas at the urban fringe.

Keywords

• rural guidance plan
• physical features
• feeling of security
• Toos rural area

---

References

1. Adibi Saad Nezhad, F., & Azimi, A. (2012). Explaining security in urban environments based on physical and design parameters. Quarterly of Environmental-Based Territorial Planning, 4(15), 81-105.

2. Ahmadabadi, Z., Salehi Hikouei, M., & Ahmadabadi, A. (1387/2008). Crime and place: A pathological study of game nets in Tehran. Quarterly of Social Welfare, 7(27), 253-275. [In Persian]

3. Akbari, R., & Pakbonyan, S. (1391/2013). The impact of public spaces on social security perception of women (Case study: Narmak & Ekbatan, Tehran). Quarterly of Honarhaye Ziba, 17(2), 53-64. [In Persian].

4. Aldrin, A., Nordin, A., Mohd Najib, M., & Siti Rasidah, M. (2012). Validating crime prevention through environmental design using structural equation model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36, 591–601.

5. Barclay, E., & Donnermeyer, J. F. (2007). Farm victimisation: The quintessential rural crime. In E. Barclay, J. F. Donnermeyer, J. Scott, & R. Hogg (Eds.), Crime in rural Australia (pp. 57-68). Sydney: The Federation Press.

6. Behbahani, R., & Dastoum, S. (2014, March13). The impact of physical environment on increasing security perception & reducing crime in public spaces. Paper presented at the National Congress on Architecture, Culture and Urban Management, Karaj, Iran. [In Persian]

7. Bemanian, M., & Mahmudinejad, H. (1388/2009). Security and urban design (1st Ed.). Tehran: Hele press. [In Persian]

8. Bemanian, M., Forutan, M., & Mousavai Pour, F. (2014, December 18-19). A framework for safe physical environment in historical urban texture of Iran. Paper presented at the International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Sustainable Urban Development, Tabriz, Iran. [In Persian]

9. Ceccato, V. (2015). Rural crime and community safety. Journal of Rural Studies, 39, 157-159.

10. Ceccato, V. (2016). Rural crime and community safety. New York: Routledge.

11. Chapman, D. (1386/2007). Creating neighborhoods and places in the built environment (2nd ed., Sh. Faryadi & M. Tabibian, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran University Press. [In Persian]

12. Cozens, P., & Love, T. (2015). A review of the current status of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Journal of Planning Literature. 30 (4), 393-412.

13. Cozens, P., & Love, T. (2017). Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). Oxford research encyclopedia of criminology, Retrieved from http://criminology.oxfordre.com/view/ 10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264079-e-2?print=pdf.

14. Daliri, V., & Pakshir, A. R. (2013, May16). Analysis of the impact of physical indicators on security of urban neighbourhoods (Case study: Sarshour & Razi Neighborhood in Mashhad). Paper presented at the National Conference on Sustainable Architecture & Urban Development, Bokan, Iran. [In Persian]

15. Donnermeyer, J. F. (2012). Rural crime and critical criminology. New York: Routledge.

16. Donnermeyer, J. F. (2015). Crime in the rural context. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/304194780_Crime_in_the_Rural_Context

17. Fateh, M., & Daryoush, B. (1388/2010). Rural architecture1-2. Tehran: Science and Knowledge Innovators of Parse University. [In Persian]

18. Fennelly, L. J. (2013). Effective physical security (4th Ed.). Waltham: Elsevier.

19. Foster, S., Knuiman, M., Wood, L., & Giles-Corti, B. (2013). Suburban neighborhood design: Associations with fear of crime versus perceived crime risk. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 112–117.

20. Hutter, D. (2016). Physical security and why it is important. Swansea: SANS Institute.

21. Kargar, B. (1383/2005). Urban security. Tehran: National Geography Organization of Iran.[In Persian]

22. Korkeabadi, Z., & Mesgarian, H. (1393/2014). Evaluating the security perception in urban neighborhoods according to urban physical criteria through AHP: A case study of Semnan. Paper presented at the National Congress of Architecture, Urban Planning and Sustainable Development, Mashhad, Iran. [In Persian]

23. Lab, S. P. (2010). Crime prevention (7th Ed.). Albany: Andesron.

24. Lewelyn, D. (1389/2011). Safer places: The planning system and crime prevention (M. Honarvar & A. Amini, Trans.). Tehran: Armanshahr Press. [In Persian]

25. Lotfi, S., Anamoradnezhad, R., & Sasanipoor, M. (1393/2015). Investigating security feeling in public spaces (A case study of Shiraz megapolis). Quarterly of Research and Urban Planning, 5(19), 39-56. [In Persian]

26. Lotfi, S., Anamoradnezhad, R., & Sasanipoor, M. (1394/2016). Evaluating the physical factors of public spaces affecting the social security perception of citizens of Babolsar. Quarterly of Security and Social Order Strategic Studies, 4(1), 131-152. [In Persian]

27. Madani, A., Karimi Azari, A., Parvizi, R., & Hoseini, S. (2014, December 17-19). The study of physical factors affecting the security perception in public spaces of urban neighborhoods (Case study: Shirabad Zahedan). Paper presented at the Second International Congress on Structure, Architecture & Urban Development, Tabriz, Iran. [In Persian]

28. Mazini, S., Izadi, H., & Soltani, A. (1388/2010). Structural features of the environment and the citizens' social interaction and sense of security. Quarterly of Danesh-e-Entezami, 11(1), 32-63. [In Persian]

29. Molaei Hashjin, N. (1386/2007). An analysis on the goals, necessities, and the process of provision, approving, and execution of rural guide plans with an emphasis on Guilan province. Quarterly Journal of Geographical Landscape, 4(2), 105-123. [In Persian]

30. Mousavi, S. M., & Siami, Gh. (1393/2014). Analysis of security in urban environment based on physical-prone crime indicators with Delphi method (Case study: Vakilabad, Mashhad). Paper presented at the National Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering & Urban Modern Development, Tabriz, Iran. [In Persian]

31. Papoli Yazdi, M. H., & Ebrahimi, M. A. (1385/2006). Rural development theories. Tehran: SAMT press. [In Persian]

32. PourJafar, M., Mahmoudi nejad, M., Rafian, M., & Ansari, M. (1387/2009). Improving environmental security & reducing urban crime with an emphasis on CPTED. Quarterly International Journal of Engineering Science, 19(6), 73-82. [In Persian]

33. Sagarin, E., Donnermeyer, J. F., & Carter, T. J. (1982). Crime in the countryside: A prologue. Rural crime: Integrating research and prevention, 10-19. ‏

34. Salehi, A. (1387/2009). Environmental features of safe urban spaces. Tehran: Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning. [In Persian]

35. Shabani, M., Malekinia, M., & Ehtesham, S. (2014, November 12-13). The study of physical security indicators on the presence of women in urban space (Case study: Sajad Boulevard). Paper presented at the 6th National Conference on Urban Planning and Management with Emphasis on the Elements of Islamic City, Mashhad, Iran. [In Persian]

36. Shakoei, H. (1373/1995). New perspectives in urban geography. Tehran: SAMT press. [In Persian]

37. Zabetian Toroqi, A. (1387/2009). Identification and analysis of factors affecting the promotion of women's security in urban environment (Unpublished master's thesis). Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian]

38. Zabihi, H., Larimian, T., & Poorani, H. (1392/2013). Developing an analytical model to increase urban security from the secured perspective by designing (SBD) approach using fuzzy AHP method (Case study: Region 17 of Tehran). Quarterly of Urban-Regional Studies and Research, 5(17), 119-136. [In Persian]

39. Zargar, A. (1378/2000). Introduction to Iran’s rural architecture. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press. [In Persian].