Analysis of Food Insecurity and Some Factors Affecting to Rural Women Heads of Household in Islamabad Qarb County

Document Type : علمی

Authors

Bu-Ali-Sina University

Abstract

Extended Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Human as the main component of society and economy had a requirement that food security and healthy food nutrition was initially and major. Food insecurity and hungry can be affect on human health in the first stage, and social and psychological consequences in addition. Food security is a complex condition that its dimensions were availability, access, utilization and stability. The ability to access food rests on two pillars: economic and physical access. Economic access is determined by disposable income, food prices and the provision of and access to social support. Physical access is determined by the availability and quality of infrastructure. Ttherefore, monitoring food security and mitigating food insecurity in the any community was necessary. The purpose of study was to investigate food insecurity and its related factors in rural female headed households in the Islamabad Qarb county.
2. METHODOLOGY
This study was a descriptive survey research and the statistical population of the study was rural women heads of household in the Islamabad Qarb county. 107 heads of household were selected by random sampling method. Data collection was accomplished by using questionnaires were filled out using interviews with the participants. The stundardaized questionnaire were used that the questionnaire was validated by a 5-member panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed through pre-test of data tool and Cronbach Alpha (α=0.92). To assess the level of food security, HFIAS index, regression and discriminate analysis were used for food security analyzing.
3. DISCUSSION
Results showed that 25.2 percent of households were in food secure level. Also results showed the other heads of household in low insecure level (51.4 percent), 21.5 percent in moderate level and 1.9 percent in severe food insecurity level. The results of HFIAS analysis showed the most of household food insecurity refers to food that family members do not like, because it was not possibility for providing proper foods. The results of the regression analysis were explained four factors including to: knowledge, supporting organization, the number of dependents and income that it explained 62% of the total variance of food insecurity. Also, the four levels of food insecurity were approved and appropriately fitted by discriminate analysis.
4. CONCLUSION
Final strategy is empowerment of rural women not is support and taking dependent to government. But in early stage, social protection and other measures that increase the incomes of poor families to buy food, they can have an even more positive effective and spur rural development, by creating employment opportunities, equitable opportunities for women in rural development.
Some of the most important factors in reducing the problems of rural women heads of household were: creating job opportunities, appropriate supportive mechanisms behalf of government, making of appropriate culture for families to support of training for mentioned families, and training of skills for home based business.
Ultimately, rural women's empowerment, political stability, effective governance, uninterrupted long-term commitments to mainstreaming food security and nutrition in policies and programmers are key to the reduction of rural women's hunger and malnutrition. So it can be expected that those factors which had high priority will contribute to related actors and organizations to apply food security of rural women heads of household strategies. It can be expected that those factors which had high priority will contribute to related actors and organizations to apply food security of rural women heads of household strategies.

Keywords

References

1. Agricultural economics and planning institute. (1383/2004). Food security and income distribution. Tehran: Agricultural Ministry [In Persian].
2. Alizadeh, K., Hataminejad, H. (1389/2010). Evaluate the impact of economic conditions on
food security in rural area (Case Study: The Payenvelayat Dehestan of Razaviyeh District in Mashhad County). Sepehr Journal, 21 (82), 85-88. [In Persian].
3. Babatunde, R., Owotoki, G., Heidhues, F., & Buchenrieder, G. (2007). Vulnerability and food insecurity differentials among male and female–headed farming households in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 414-418. ‏
4. Bagheri, S. A., Zamani, A., Vakili, M., & Shenavar, R. (1391/2012). Food Security. Journal of Social workers, 21(1), 28-33. [In Persian].
5. Balali, H., & Chizari, A. (1386/2007). Calculate and evaluate the overall support domestic product walnuts in accession to WTO (Case study: Hamedan province). Proceeding of the 6th Conference of Agricultural Economics Iran, Mashhad Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. [In Persian].
6. Bickel, G., Nord, M., Price, C., Hamilton, W., & Cook, J. (2000). Guide to measuring household food security. US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition, and Evaluation. Retrieved 15 August 2014 from http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsec/FILES/Guide%20to% 20Measuring%20Household% 20Food% 20Security (3-23-00) pdf. ‏
7. Browne, J., Laurence, S., & Thorpe, S. (2009). Acting on food insecurity in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Policy and practice interventions to improve local access and supply of nutritious food, 2000-2010. ‏ Retrieved 15 July 2014 from http://www.healthinfonet .ecu.edu.au/ health-risks/nutrition/other-reviews.p:1-38.
8. Carter, P., & Taylor, A. (2007). Food insecurity in South Australia. Public Health Bulletin SA, 4(1), 23- 25.
9. Coates, J., Swindale, A., & Bilinsky, P. (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: indicator guide. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. ‏Retrieved 20 August 2014 from http://www.Fantaproject.org.
10. Dini-e-Torkamani, A. (1379/2000). Food security and its rate in Iran. Journal of Trade Studies, 14, 121-148 [In Persian].
11. Fase, M. M., & Abma, R. C. N. (2003). Financial environment and economic growth in selected Asian countries. Journal of Asian economics, 14(1), 11-21. ‏
12. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2012). The state of food insecurity in the World 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2014 from http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3027e/i3027e00.htm.
13. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2008). Crop prospects and food situation, Available from Food and Agriculture Organization. Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 16 August 2014 from http://www.fao.org/home/en.
14. Forouzan, S., & Biglarian, A. (1382/2003). Female-headed households: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Women in Development and Politics, 1(5), 35-58. [In Persian].
15. Ganapathy, S., Duffy, S. B., & Getz, C. (2005). A Framework for Understanding Food Insecurity: An Anti-Hunger Approach. Retrieved 26 August 2014 from http://www.cnr.berkeley. edu/cwh/PDFs/Framework_Food_Insecurity_3,5. ‏
16. Gulliford, M. C., Mahabir, D., & Rocke, B. (2003). Food insecurity, food choices, and body mass index in adults: nutrition transition in Trinidad and Tobago. International Journal of Epidemiology, 32(4), 508-516. ‏
17. Hashmi, A. A., Sial, M. H., Hashmi, M. H., & Anwar, T. (2008). Trends and Determinants of Rural Poverty: A Logistic Regression Analysis of Selected Districts of Punjab [with Comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, 1(1), 909-923. ‏
18. Hondroyiannis, G., Lolos, S., & Papapetrou, E. (2005). Financial markets and economic growth in Greece, 1986–1999. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 15(2), 173-188. ‏
19. Ibrahim, H., Uba-Eze, N. R., Oyewole, S. O., & Onuk, E. G. (2009). Food security among urban households: a case study of Gwagwalada area council of the federal capital territory Abuja, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(6), 810-813. ‏
20. Institute of Food Technologists (IFT). (2008). Number of food-insecure people increases worldwide, Institute of Food Technologists. Retrieved 26 August 2014 from http://www.fao.org/hunger/en.
21. Javan, J., Pourashor-e-Yasouri, M., Rahnma, M. R., & Shalchi-e-Ahmadian, N. (1387/2008). Economic situation of rural women heads of household. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 7(11), 19-35. [In Persian].
22. Keenan, D. P., Olson, C., Hersey, J. C., & Parmer, S. M. (2001). Measures of food insecurity/security. Journal of Nutrition Education, 33, S49-S58. ‏
23. Khodadakashy, F., & Heidari, Kh. (1383/2004). Estimates of Iranian households on food security HFIAS.
Agricultural Economics and Development, 12(48), 155-172. [In Persian].
24. Kimiagar, M., & Bazhen, M. (1384/2005). Poverty and malnutrition in the country. Journal of Social Welfare, 5(18), 91-111. [In Persian].
25. Liang, Q., & Jian-Zhou, T. (2006). Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from China. China economic review, 17(4), 395-411. ‏
26. Madani Qhahfarokhi, S. (1381/2002). Empowerment of women headed households. Tehran: Research Center of the Parliament Press. [In Persian].
27. Mallick, D., & Rafi, M. (2010). Are female-headed households more food insecure? Evidence from Bangladesh. World development, 38(4), 593-605. ‏
28. Mazur, R. E., Marquis, G. S., & Jensen, H. H. (2003). Diet and food insufficiency among Hispanic youths: acculturation and socioeconomic factors in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 78(6), 1120-1127. ‏
29. Milani-e-Bonab, A., Mozaffari-e-Khosravi, H., & Omidvar, N. (1391/2012). Content validity and internal consistency evaluation tool based on direct measurements of the experience of food insecurity for community nursing. Journal of Health Faculty of Yazd, 11(2), 57-74. [In Persian].
30. Moaiedfar, S., & Hamidi, N. (1386/2007). Women headed households: Unsaid and social damage.
Journal of Social Sciences, 82(33), 131-158. [In Persian].
31. Moemenizadeh, N. (1393/2014). Comparative analysis of women headed households. Economic Journal, 14(3 & 4), 95-120. [In Persian].
32. Mohamadzadeh, A., Dorosti-e-Motlagh, A. R., & Eshraghian, M. R. (1389/2010). The relationship between food security and socio-economic factors and weight status in adolescents. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 5(1), 55-62. [In Persian].
33. Mukudi, E. (2003). Education and nutrition linkages in Africa: evidence from national level analysis. International Journal of Educational Development, 23(3), 245-256. ‏
34. Nagata, J. M., Magerenge, R. O., Young, S. L., Oguta, J. O., Weiser, S. D., & Cohen, C. R. (2012). Social determinants, lived experiences, and consequences of household food insecurity among persons living with HIV/AIDS on the shore of Lake Victoria, Kenya. AIDS care, 24(6), 728-736. ‏
35. Najibi, N., Dorosti-e-Motlagh, A. R., Sadrzadeh, Y., Eshraghian, M. R., Danshi-e-Maskoni, M., & Azizi, S. (1391/2012). Food insecurity status and some associated socioeconomic factors among newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes in Shiraz, 2012. Arak Medical University Journal (A.M.U.J.), 16(70), 98-106. [In Persian].
36. Nazoktbar, H., & Veysi, R. (1387/2008). Socio-economic and cultural condition of women-headed households in Mazandaran Province. Social Welfare Quarterly. 7(27), 95-113. [In Persian].
37. Norouzi, N., Moghadsi, R., & Shams Aldyni, S. (1392/2013). Investigating of poverty and food insecurity and its influencing factors in the rural of Khuzestan province. Proceeding of the 1st National Conference on E-economy Perspective Iran, 28 December, 2013, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. [In Persian].
38. Office of Community Nutrition Improvement. (1380/2001). National integrated micronutrient status. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education. [In Persian].
39. Omrani, M., Mohamadzadeh, K., & Dahmarde, M. (1388/2009). Analyzing poverty determinants and welfare changes among rural households of Sistan region. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1(2), 21-42. [In Persian].
40. Ostad-e-Rahimi, A., Soltanali, M., Totonchi, H., Dastgiri, S., & Dadgar, L. (1385/2006). The prevalence of hunger and food insecurity of obvious and hidden hunger in Asadabad Tabriz. Quarterly Research Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 8(1), 61-66. [In Persian].
41. Owotoki, G. M. (2005). Gender differences in household’s resource allocation and its impact on food security: A case study of Kwara State, Nigeria. Unpublished master Thesis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. ‏
42. Pourkazemi, M. H., & Sozandeh, M. (1388/2009). Determine the food basket for different income groups using fuzzy logic. Journal of Economic Research, 22(87), 52- 74. [In Persian].
43. Radimer, K. L., Olson, C. M., & Campbell, C. C. (1990). Development of indicators to assess hunger. The Journal of Nutrition, 120(1), 1544-1548. ‏
44. Ramakrishna, G., & Demeke, A. (2002). An empirical analysis of food insecurity in Ethiopia: the case of North Wello. Africa Development/Afrique et Developpement, 1(1), 127-143. ‏
45. Ramesh, T. (1388/2009). The Prevalence of food insecurity and some associated factors among Shirazian households in 2009. Unpublished master’s thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [in Persian].
46. Ramesh, T., Dorsti-e-Motlagh, A. R., & Abdullahi, M. (1388/2009). Household food insecurity in the city, and socio-economic and demographic factors associated with. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 4(4), 53- 64. [In Persian].
47. Saadi, H., & Vahadt-e-Moadab, H. (1392/2013). Evaluation of women heads of household food security and influencing factors (Case study: Razan county). Quarterly of Women in Development & Politic, 11(3), 411-426. [In Persian].
48. Saadi, H., Azizi, M. & Azami, M. (1393/2014). Training and extension food security of farmer household (Case study: Qorveh County). Journal of Iranian Agricultural Economy Researches, 45(3), 483-499. [In Persian].
49. Salarkia, N., Abdullahi, M., Amini, M., & Islami-e-Amirabadi, M. (1388/2009). Validation and use of the HFIAS questionnaire for measuring household food insecurity in Varamin-2009. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism (IJEM), 13(4), 383-374. [In Persian].
50. Abdalla, A., Ingrid-Ute, L., & Siegfried, B. (2009). Measuring food consumption using coping strategies adopted by farm household in the security. J. Nutr. Edu. 30(1), 45-49.
51. Frehiwot, F. (2007). Food insecurity and its determinants in rural households in Amhara region. School of Graduate studies, Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
52. Shaditalab, Zh., Wahhabi, M., & Varmazian, H. (1384/2005). Income poverty is only one aspect of poverty in women headed households. Journal of Social Welfare, 4(17), 52-59. [In Persian].
53. Shaikh, F. M. (2007). Determinants of household food security and consumption pattern in rural Sindh: non-separable agricultural household model. IUB Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(2), 18-39. ‏
54. Sharafkhani, R., Dastgiri, S., Gharahaghaji-e-Asl, R., & Ghavamzadeh, S. (1390/2011). Prevalence and factors affecting household food insecurity (Case study: Gharehsou district in Khoy County). Medical Journal of Urumieh. 22(2), 123-128. [In Persian].
55. Shateri, M., & Rousta, M. A. (1390/2011). Training rural women and their participation in agricultural activities (Case study: Villages Khosf). Journal of Social and Cultural Studies in Khorasan, 5(19), 83-61. [In Persian].
56. Smith, L. C., El Obeid, A. E., & Jensen, H. H. (2000). The geography and causes of food insecurity in developing countries. Agricultural Economics, 22(2), 199-215. ‏
57. Statistical Center of Iran. (1390/2011). Population and housing census 2011. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran. Retrieved 25 May 2008 from http://amar.sci.org.ir [In Persian].
58. Statistics Center of Iran. (1385/2006). Results of expense and income survey 2006. Tehran: Statistical Center of Iran. Retrieved 25 May 2008 from http://amar.sci.org.ir [In Persian].
59. Turrell, G., Hewitt, B., Patterson, C., Oldenburg, B., & Gould, T. (2002). Socioeconomic differences in food purchasing behavior and suggested implications for diet‐related health promotion. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15(5), 355-364. ‏
60. USDA. (2000). Food and nutrition service. Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation, Alexandria, VA.
61. Walingo, M. K. (2006). The role of education in agricultural projects for food security and poverty reduction in Kenya. International Review of Education, 52(3-4), 287-304. ‏
62. Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2009). Re-examining the financial development and economic growth nexus in Kenya. Economic Modelling, 26(6), 1140-1146. ‏
63. World Health Organization. (2003). The world health report 2003: shaping the future. World Health Organization. Retrieved 8 July 2009 from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/whs_hspa_ book.pdf.
64. Zarei-e-Bideskan, M., & Mehrabi-e-Bshrabady, H. (1391/2012). Development of the financial impact on the food security of rural households. Agricultural Economics Research, 5(1), 65-80. [In Persian].
65. Zerafati-e-Shoa, N. (1383/2004). Validation of Radimer Corner modified questionnaire in food security assessment of urban households in Tehran’s (district of 20). Unpublished master’s thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian]
66. Ziaei, S. M., Shirani-e-Bidabadi, F., Eshraqi, F., & Karamtzadeh, A. S. (1392/2013). Use of non-food coping strategies in the assessment of food insecurity in rural area of Gorgan. Agricultural Economics Research, 5(3), 83-97. [In Persian]
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 December 2014
  • Accept Date: 17 December 2014

Share

How to cite

Statistics