@article { author = {Rezvani, Mohammad Reza and Ghorbani, Mahdi and Khorasani, Mohammad Amin and Moghfeli, Zohreh}, title = {Analysis of Production Relations and Linkages of Agricultural Producers Using Social Network Analysis Method (Case Study: Pistachio Producers in Damghan County)}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {1-17}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.61618}, abstract = {Purpose: In this research, we aimed to identify the pattern of cooperative relations among the Pistachio producers in Damankuh rural district in Damghan. The social capital among the producers was also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the cooperative relations and the social capital among the Pistachio producers in Mehmandoost, Zarrinabad and Hoseinabad Doolab, which are located in Damankooh in Damghan, were studied by applying social network analysis method. Thus, 66 people from Mehmandoost, 70 producers from Zarrinabad, and 74 farmers from Hosseinabad Dulab were studied. The relations which were studied included cooperation in exchanging farming tools, irrigation of Pistachio orchards, marketing and pest control. For analyzing these relations, we used network- level indicators of social network analysis including density, centralization, reciprocity, transitivity and Geodesic distance. These indicators were analyzed in the UCINET software. Finding: Results showed that the network macro-level indicators including density, centralization, reciprocity, transitivity and geodesic distance in studied villages were very low. This has caused problems for producers to cooperate with each other and threatens the stability of producers’ network and indicates cooperation among pistachio producers requires tremendous investment of both time and cost. Research limitations/implications: Problems like accessing farmers, distributing questionnaires among them and the long time needed in order to interview them were among the challenges faced in this research. Practical implications‌: In order to increase cooperation among the producers and social capital in their network it is suggested that farmers be instructed and informed by holding cooperative workshops, handling their problems in irrigation and pest control, running local cooperatives for supporting the farmers in the crop prices and paying attention to their demands. Originality/value: Given the importance of the studied area in the production of Pistachio, paying attention to cooperation and social capital among producers, can be a big step in using the fertility (potentiality) of this region to develop and improve the Pistachio production.}, keywords = {Damghan,local beneficiaries,Pistachio,Social capital,social network analysis}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31062.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31062_a9debadc6b87fbd1d520b6466e530afd.pdf} } @article { author = {Soleymani, Somayyeh and Khosrovbeigi Bozchalouie, Reza and Safaie, Mohammad Javad}, title = {How to Reproduce Farming: A Description of the Strategies for Survival of Plum Gardens in Mountainous Rural Areas of Neyshabur County}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {19-37}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.61968}, abstract = {Purpose: we investigate the strategies for survival of small orchards in present paper through considering this question that why orchards have kept their productive function despite of renovation pressure and universal market and totally not to be economical. Design/methodology/approach: grounded theory method of qualitative research, especially in this article is based on a case study should be placed on the agenda; in total, 60 semi-structured interviews and in-depth (Purposive sampling: Stratified, questionnaire) those involved in this field was Finding: The results showed domestic garden maintenance in Neyshabur when a part of strategy Employment-oriented and income from non-agricultural business backing for investment and economic mobility has become a garden. Of course, it also organized social factors in the context of traditional interactive and strong local relationships and kinship rather broad and external basis for the stability of the production process in the region; That is to say, it is also the main cause of underdevelopment. Individual motivation and personal preferences (values and beliefs) also has a fundamental role in the continuing rebel activities. Practical implications: developers don't have more than two ways in order to participations programming in future in condition of peasant's economy conquest to rural society. The first one knows internal mechanisms and satisfaction of present production way which it guaranties the minimum of village persistence. The Second one is removing the existing obstacles in destructing the traditional interactions and extending social networks among orchardists and communicating with others in production field. Originality/value: relational and territorial approaches in the concept of embeddedness, the main axis domestic garden maintenance strategies in the study does not explain in purely economic and rational action.}, keywords = {reproduction,Strategy,embeddedness,Motivation,plum gardens,Neyshabur}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31090.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31090_ea0394a3cc08c2e2a4961da424e3980f.pdf} } @article { author = {Jome’epour, Mahmoud and Motiee Langerudi, Seyyed Hasan and Hajihosseini, Samira and Salami Beirami, Abouzar}, title = {A Survey of the Environmental Effects on the Livability of Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages of Buin Zahra County)}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {39-56}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.62494}, abstract = {Purpose: Every human being, regardless of the city or village that he Lives, in pursuit of a desirable and satisfying life needed fields and factors to enable a person to provide comfort and long-term well-being for himself and his community. To some authors this condition is synonymous with livability or suitable conditions for life, in general, it refers to a set of objective characteristics that make a place in point is that people tend to live in the present and future. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental factors affecting the livability of rural areas and tried to answer the question of whether environmental factors affect the livability of rural areas or not? Design/methodology/approach: The nature of this study is applied, and it uses the descriptive-analytical method. Data was collected by documentary study and field studies (questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation). The population statistic was the rural area of the city of Buin Zahra. 211 households were chosen through Cochran formula. To analyze the data descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and comparative statistics (correlation analysis, one sample t-test, ANOVA) were used. Finding: The results showed that the livability of the villages in all dimensions is moderate. The results of analysis of variance showed that the environmental factors affecting the livability of the villages have significant differences in all indicators. Furthermore, the analytical results indicated that the correlation between habitability and environmental factors are significant and there is a positive relationship between them. By promoting the quality of environmental factors, the livability of rural areas will be upgraded. Originality/value: Due to their lifestyle and livelihood, villagers are the direct beneficiaries of environmental resources (i.e., water, soil, forest, grassland); therefore, environmental factors should be considered in the development of a village and its livability because the preservation of the environment against pollution and destruction of the village and its values is especially important. This study aimed to explain the effects of environmental factors on the livability of rural areas and finally offers some recommendations for improving and promoting the rural environment factors.}, keywords = {Livability of villages,Environmental factors,Sustainable rural development,Buin Zahra County}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31117.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31117_3b93f5fa0889b2a010fabbc81f03cc2a.pdf} } @article { author = {Faezi, Seyyed Farzin and Elyasi, Mohammad Reza and Rafiean Bahabadi, Mojtaba}, title = {The Impact of Rural Housing Rehabilitation on Rural Landscape (Case Study: Ahmadabad Village of Bahabad County)}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {57-79}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v7i1.63564}, abstract = {Purpose: The main objective of this research is to develop and evaluate measures of rural housing landscape and the effect of strengthening on rural housing landscape of the village of Ahmedabad in Bahabad. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of rural housing rehabilitation on the landscape of Ahmadabad village from Bahbad which is based on the concept of landscape assessment. Design/methodology/approach: The purpose of this study as a methodology is applied, descriptive and field study. For data collection, documentation and survey method using a questionnaire for residents and technical observers have been used. To analyze the variables and indicators of the study, SPSS software and Chi Square and t tests were used. Also plan to analyze the effects of strengthening rural housing and perspective view and the village of Ahmadabad factor analysis, Bartlett test and the KMO indicator. Finding: Results indicate that strengthening many effects that may be positive or negative on the six performance indicators, aesthetic, economic, social and physical environmental and village have been studied. The results of the first test showed that some of the criteria related to performance indicators and aesthetic as due to zoning height, the proportion in the building, according to the settled units, compliance with the structure and the executive management and oversight of the village, in the 99% of variables appearance to furniture, flexibility and readability buildings, spatial unity and consistency of building styles, harmony between form, at 95%, which indicates a strengthening effect is significant. The second test results show that all the criteria of physical, economic, social and environmental influence of strengthening the fabric of the village of Ahmadabad to 99% to account for a significant level. Research limitations/implications: A lack of support from government agencies and the lack of statistical information on the type of tissue construction and existing buildings in the village Practical implications: According to research findings that show the direct relationship between the resistance and the perspective of the village, in the implementation of strengthening, the choice of materials facade and their implementation should be in a way that in addition to the rules and regulations of comprehensive plans and detailed and the high council urban Planning and architecture of Iran, offered to meet six criteria. Originality/value: Original innovation is in the provision of rural landscape assessment criteria. These criteria can guide those involved in retrofitting buildings rural housing. The proposed criteria can be used to analyze the beauty of the landscape, the villages designed to be used.}, keywords = {Rural Housing,resistant plan,view and landscape,perspective,Ahmadabad,Bahabad county}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31150.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31150_ab2c4d70107990b40833dc294a1b1d5a.pdf} } @article { author = {Asefi, Maziar and Farrokhi, Shahin}, title = {Proposing a Model for the Design of Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Based on the Needs of the Injured with Post-Implementation Evaluation Approach (Case Study: Earthquake-Stricken Villages in Heris of East Azerbaijan)}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {81-101}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v7i1.64121}, abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to design a temporary housing pattern tailored to the needs of the injured after a natural disaster. Design/methodology/approach: This study had an applied objective and employed a descriptive-analytical method with an approach to survey and post-implementation evaluation. The criteria for temporary accommodation design were collected through library research and the victims’ satisfaction of these criteria was considered through field research. The criteria included socio-cultural, physical-functional and technical-structural elements. Field research was carried out in 10 villages of Heris County, East Azerbaijan, which were destroyed completely by earthquake in 2012. Field research was conducted through user-oriented procedures of questionnaires, interviews and field observations. In total, the criteria were evaluated in separate tables based on the Likert spectrum. Findings: The results indicated that the victims were dissatisfied with temporary resettlement after the earthquake in all three criteria. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this study was the high cost of numerous visits to villages and low willingness of their inhabitants to cooperate with interviewers and answer the questions for various reasons. Practical implications: Improvement strategies were proposed to enhance the quality temporary housing through organized interviews with the injured. Suggestions made by experts led to proposing some improvement strategies as well. Finally, the design of the temporary housing model was put forward in accordance with these solutions. Originality/value: This article initiated an innovative design of temporary housing which was tailored to the needs of those who had experienced the disaster based on their perceptions, not merely based on existing theoretical foundations.}, keywords = {Key words: Design,pattern,Earthquake,temporary housing,earthquake-stricken villages of Heris,East Azerbaijan}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31204.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31204_654da3065e8ed59d706932fa0f8b5545.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirlotfi, Mahamoud Reza and Nouri, Maryam}, title = {Analysis of the Level of Environmental Development in the Rural Areas of Sistan with an Emphasis on Quranic Indices}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {103-122}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v7i1.64920}, abstract = {Purpose: The environment is a divine favor whose protection can have a positive effect on lives of humans and other creatures. A look at the verses of the Quran and the life style of the Prophet’s family (PBUT) make it clear that no school like Islam has attached such a great importance to nature and the environment. Accordingly, using Quranic indices, in this study we have aimed to analyze the level of environmental development in rural areas of Sistan. Design/methodology/approach- The population of the study is the people in the rural areas of Sistan. To determine the sample population using Sharpe formula, 40 villages (with 51663 households) out of 796 villages in Sistan region were selected, and 381 heads of households were randomly selected according to Cochran formula. For data analysis, Kruskal-Wallis statistical method in SPSS was used, and then Topsis was employed to weigh and determine the degree of development of the villages. Findings: The evaluation showed that level of environmental development in rural areas is less than .01% percent significant. Out of 9 environmental indices, the index of optimal utilization of water, with a mean of 4.29 ranked first. Practical implications- According to the research results, coherent planning for the revival of the genuine Islamic culture and development of religious teachings about the role and significance of nature, the realization of God's real ownership of all national resources, optimal utilization of natural resources, prevention of corruption in the environment, and appropriate utilization of forests and rangelands, especially national resources, is a strategy that can lead our society to sensible utilization of natural resources.}, keywords = {Environmental development,environmental indices,Quran,villages in Sistan,TOPSIS}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31258.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31258_fc9ef4d51600a31acff682142fccdf8a.pdf} } @article { author = {Karimzadeh, Hossein and Zaheri, Mohammad and Khaleghi, Aghil}, title = {An Analysis of the Spatial Reflection of Rural Housing Reconstruction after an Earthquake (Case Study: Sina Dehestan of Varzeghan County)}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {123-140}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v7i1.65047}, abstract = {Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial reflection rural housing reconstruction after the earthquake in Sinai district located in the Varzeghan county aspects of infrastructure-related, social, cultural and health treatment. Design/methodology/approach: This study is a descriptive and analytical. The data collection was in the library field. In the field, the questionnaire is used. The sample size was 300 and the sampling method is simple random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated based on the validity and reliability of the Guttman coefficient (split-half) which is equal to 955/0 and show the reliability of the questionnaire. Finding: After assuring the goodness of fitting the designed model, the standardized load factor test indicates that the measuring instrument has very good validation tools and shows that the coefficients and chi-square ratio are relative to the degree of freedom that has strong correlation, the relationships between hidden variables together and the relationship of obvious variables; Investigating T values of the obvious variables shows that the Infrastructure Index has the most impact on the renovation of rural housing. Which has the most effective coefficients in this case, the variables of "gas supply", "water distribution", and "transport communication network". Finally, the covariance matrix of the independent variables of the research indicates that the path estimates between all the infrastructural, cultural, social, health and physical variables are acceptable and acceptable at the upper limit. In fact, the proposed model can be proposed as a useful tool for reflecting the spatial renovation of rural housing in general, the renovation of rural housing after the earthquake in the Sina village of Varzaghan has caused the infrastructure index to have the highest spatial reflection. Research limitations/implications: The study population dispersion and trouble completing the questionnaires, as well as the lack of necessary resources on SEM and LISREL software. Originality/value: research innovation combined two important issues the village, housing "and" disaster "and interpret the results using a combination of software LISREL structural equations and multivariable regression analysis using software SPSS.}, keywords = {Modernization of housing,spatial reflection,Seismic,structural equation,Varzeghan}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31304.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31304_b80310c9789e1ae16b573358b23369e1.pdf} } @article { author = {Taleshi, Mostafa and Zianoushin, Mohammad Mahdi}, title = {The Physical Transformations due to the Rural Sprawl in Rural Settlements of Hamadan Periphery}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {141-160}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.65942}, abstract = {Purpose: One of such changes is the rural sprawl and its physical-spatial consequences in rural areas and their surrounding lands which has led to land use change in agricultural lands, gardens and less planed physical changes. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method using field works, regular interviews and monitoring of satellite images and GIS maps. This study sought to identify and explain the natural consequences of rural sprawl in the physical area of villages and their surroundings during a 20-year period from 1995 to2016. The study area included 24 large rural settlements around Hamadan County with an average rural population of 2,800 people in areas with farmlands and gardens. Finding: The findings showed that rural sprawl has resulted in unplanned proximity and intermingling of rural-urban functions in rural settlements, physical changes in surrounding rural settlements, changes in diversity and composition of rural land uses, changes in physical structure of rural areas, and increased number of single-family residential units and villas. Research limitations/implications: Difficulty in gathering data about the rural areas’ physical changes and access to data and documentation of some organizations and interviews with some groups were among the challenges of the study. Practical implications: Management based on settlement systems of suburban towns and villages in the form of rural-urban ties and metropolitan area of Hamadan (in macro level), integrated management based on legal limits of the villages and their immediate areas, regulatory and more planned intervention through compliance of the uses with the structures and functions of the villages were some of the recommendations in the managerial and planning level. Originality/value: There have been a limited number of studies on emerging concepts and phenomena in the villages surrounding the metropolises and big cities. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a study and discuss the consequences of rural sprawl as a phenomenon in villages round cities.}, keywords = {Rural sprawl,physical changes,rural settlements around cities,Hamedan}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31333.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31333_73124f5f44e5fca9533679e5831019f9.pdf} } @article { author = {Yasouri, Majid and Ofoghi, Nader and Emami, Fatemeh}, title = {Economic and Social Effects of Rice Cultivation Practices Operation (Case Study: Rice Cultivator Villages in Rasht County)}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {161-175}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.55787}, abstract = {Extended abstract 1. INTRODUCTION Distribution of villages of the country in terms of ownership forms before land reform, indicates that 42% of the land was classified as small-scale, and 29% of the agricultural land was owned by farmers. Also, in this year, only half a percent of the country's land was allocated to the first deck of the exploiters, while the first to fifth decks, allocated only 11.5% and the 10th deck, allocated just 40% of the agricultural land. By implementing land reform and benefiting about two million rural households of land ownership, 58 percent of rural households owned agricultural land. In this research, we investigated the ways of exploitation (mechanized, traditional and semi-mechanized) in rice cultivation in Rasht city and the impact on rural economic and social indicators in this city. In fact, by identifying the indicators of increasing income, increasing production, reducing product losses, timely agricultural operations and reducing production costs in economic dimensions, indicators of reducing the hard work, youth's interest in agricultural production, reducing the migration of rural households to the city, local people's participation, the desire to have children, poverty reduction in people with low land, the increase of socially-intensive career opportunities in social dimensions, we are trying to examine the impact of each type of exploitation on this indicator. 2. METHODOLOGY In this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used and in order to collect the required data, a survey method (collecting questionnaire) has been used from cluster-type of rural households. The level unit, is rural households study and Morgan table is used to calculate the sample size. Similarly, for analyzing the findings and achieving the final model of research in the hypothesis, ANOVA model was used using SPSS software. In fact, in this research and based on the estimation, 400 samples were selected from Rasht. It was completed on the field. 3. DISCUSSION The studied area is Rasht in Guilan province, which is located in the White River plain. The city has 6 sections (central, Khomam, Khoshkbijar, Sangar, Kochesfahan and Lasht Nesha), 6 city points (Rasht, Sangar, Kochesfahan, Lashte Nesha, Khoshkbijar and Khomam), 18 rural districts and 296 villages. The low level cultivation of rice in this city is 62336 hectares, of which about 11.6 percent (7200 hectares) are mechanized and 88.44 percent (55136 hectares) are traditionally exploited. It can be said with 95% confidence, that the three methods of exploitation, have a significant difference in terms of economic and social impacts and the consequences that they leave. Therefore, according to this report, it can be said that the traditional cultivation method, in the city is more than other two methods. So, if we are to make a ranking based on this test, we can say that traditional cultivation is ranked first, the semi-mechanized in second and mechanized in the third place, by regarding the fact that most people in the city, prefer the traditional exploitation rather than the two other methods of exploitation. This is due to issues such as lack of sufficient training and skill in the use of machinery, lack of primary capital for machinery, etc. However, at this stage, we want to measure the impact of each of the practices on economic indicators such as increased revenues, increased production, reduced product losses, timely agricultural operations. According to the analysis test of variance in the socioeconomic model, this is clear, despite the fact that mechanized cultivation is much more convenient and cost effective than the traditional one, but in this city the traditional way of exploitation is more popular and desirable. This may be due to lack of sufficent training in the mechanization or ineffectiveness of specialized training or inappropriate use of these trainings or the minority status of the land utilization system, and hence the low ability of exploiters to purchase agricultural machines and generation to generation cycling of technical knowledge in indigenous people, which has led villagers to avoid cultivation in a mechanized way and still use traditional practices that have long been customary. 5. CONCLUSION The results of the research based on ANOVA analysis test, showed 95% confidence, that there is a significant difference between the three methods of exploitation and the effects on each of the economic and social indicators. In fact, based on this test, people in the county level tend to use more traditional way, and this factor itself can have many positive and negative effects, including the effects of increasing participation, creating correlation, childbearing desire to help future farms, increased workforce, etc. Negative effects are, such as lowering incomes in mechanized methods, increasing product losses, failing to timely crop operations in some cases. In fact, this study was carried out by Hasan Jani et al. (2007) research in an article entitled "Evaluation of different methods of harvesting rice in Guilan province, recommending the best method for harvesting in Guilan province, harvesting methods (manual, reaper and combine) as testing and Four different cities in the province. Effective field capacity parameters were determined as, total harvesting waste percentage, harvesting percentage and, number of required worker and harvest costs. The results showed that the difference was significant between the percentage of total lesions in the level of 5% and other factors at 1% level. Effective farm capacity in harvesting, with reaper was more than other methods, while the lowest percentage of total waste was related to harvesting with combine (1.92%). In this study, the reduction of product losses is one of the social indicators to be considered, manual and combine method is a traditional and mechanized method.}, keywords = {Exploitation,economic,social,ANOVA,Rasht County}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31353.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31353_597089c95c5a9c6559a421fb0352bb3e.pdf} } @article { author = {Mosayyebi, Samaneh and Barghi, Hamid and Rahimi, Daryoush and Ghanbari, Jousef}, title = {Prioritization of Rural Development Strategies by Sustainable Development Approach (Case Study: Villages in the Northwest of Isfahan Province)}, journal = {Journal of Research and Rural Planning}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {177-191}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2783-2791}, eissn = {2783-2007}, doi = {10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.57386}, abstract = {Extended abstract 1. INTRODUCTION The northwest region of Isfahan province is one of the geographical centers of Iran indicating the need for creation of an economic resource as an agricultural complement due to its significant features similar to those of the dry areas. As an example of rural unsustainability due to various natural and human factors, this region has problems including the relative deprivation of the rural districts in this region despite the high environmental potential, climate fluctuations and especially severe drought in recent years, and its negative consequences in economic and social structure of the region, the young structure of the region and the lack of productive employment platforms for them, and finally, the degradation of the villagers' life quality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to answer the question of what the optimal rural development strategies are in the northwest of Isfahan province in order to identify the best development strategy for sustainable development and facilitate sustainable rural development planning in the regions by the prioritization of other strategies. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Rural development strategies and models are classified into three general groups: technocratic, reformist, and radical. Each of these groups has numerous approaches and strategies. In this regard, sustainable development approach can be considered as a development process which is economically dynamic and productive, environmentally non-destructive, socially fair and acceptable, and technologically appropriate and desirable. Nowadays, paying attention to sustainable rural development is imperative in many plans. Five prerequisites for the success of sustainable rural development are as follows: a) Process attitude to education, b) Prioritizing people, c) Security, law, and protection of individuals' rights and their resources, d) Sustainability through self-esteem & e) Actualizing talents, commitment, and its continuity in administrators. 3. METHODOLOGY In the present study, Delphi technique was used to determine the sustainable development strategies consistent with the features of the northwest region of Isfahan province. A total of 30 panelists were thus selected based on their expertise and according to specific circumstances by purposive judgmental sampling. At this stage, top 10 strategies were selected from 18. Experts' views and Delphi technique were utilized to determine the criteria and sub-criteria. Therefore, indices for the optimal sustainable development strategy in the northwest villages of Isfahan province were put into the following four groups in three rounds: economic (6 sub-criteria), social (5 sub-criteria), physical-spatial (4 sub-criteria), and environmental (4 sub-criteria) groups. Pairwise comparison was used to measure the relative importance of all criteria and sub-criteria. Finally, based on the mentioned indices of this research (18 indices), the 10 proposed strategies were ranked using Promethee method. 4. DISCUSSION In this research, 19 indices were studied and classified into the four groups of economic, social, physical-spatial, and environmental. Paired comparison was used to measure the relative importance of all criteria and sub-criteria. Among the main criteria, environmental criterion had the highest value with a weight of 0.276, but social criterion had the lowest value with a weight of 0.219. Each of the studied sub-criteria also had a number of sub-criteria which should be compared and evaluated in pairs according to the desired criterion. According to the experts' pairwise comparison of sub-criteria by AHP technique, the sub-criterion of plan implementation cost had the highest value with a weight of 0.198, but the sub-criterion of short to long term income ratio had the lowest value among the sub-criteria of this group. In pairwise comparisons, "social", "expansion", and "the creation of new jobs" sub-criteria had the highest values with a weight of 0.270, but "females' economic roles" sub-criterion had the lowest value with a weight of 0.119. According to the pairwise comparisons of the physical-spatial sub-criteria, "facilities and infrastructural equipment" sub-criterion had the highest value with a weight of 0.280, but "impressibility by extent" had the lowest value with a weight of 0.221. Finally, the pairwise comparisons of the environmental sub-criteria indicated that "adaptation to regional potential" had the highest value with a weight of 0.310. Measuring the weights and the importance of all indices (by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), collecting data, and using normal preference function, we first calculated positive and negative flows, then obtained the net flow, and finally, ranked the strategies. Based on calculations by Promethee technique, first, the tourism development planning strategy with a net flow of 0.76, and after that, the popular partnership strategy with a net flow of 0.65 were found to be the best strategies. 5. CONCLUSION According to the conducted studies in the present research, the indices namely "the rate of changes in the natural environment", "facilities and infrastructural equipment", and also "adaptation to regional potential" had the highest importance in the studied area. On the other hand, based on these indices and according to the experts' selected strategies, tourism development planning and public participation strategies were put in top ranks in the selection of the most optimal rural development strategy. Therefore, attention to the tourism principle and the provision of its development infrastructures is the best development strategy in the studied region. In addition, the utilization of the locals' participation can ensure sustainable rural development. Tourism can be very effective due to the proper infrastructure and potential of tourism (including climatic diversity, cultural and ancient heritage, and pristine nature) in the rural regions of northwest Isfahan province in addition to the climatic conditions and drought, which have caused a lot of problems for the regional agriculture especially during the recent decade as farmers need to compensate for problems caused by drought and improve their economic situation. In fact, the tourism development strategy is in line with regional conditions and it can accelerate regional sustainable development in the case that it is taken into account.}, keywords = {Strategy,Village,approach,Sustainable development,Isfahan province}, url = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31381.html}, eprint = {https://jrrp.um.ac.ir/article_31381_e530e08a0e71332f6f43f5d9b79f288d.pdf} }